Enhlish Critical Lens Essay Example for Free

Enhlish Critical Lens Essay According to Patrick Ness, â€Å"It’s not how you fall, it’s how you get back up again†. In other words, life is full of obstacles and hardships. But what is most important is to persevere, and I defiantly agree with this statement. Two literary works that support this statement are â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes, and The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros. In the poem â€Å"Mother to Son†, the speaker admits that her life has been difficult, but despite the hardships, she does not give up. She uses an extended metaphor to describe to her son, how even though her life has been hard, she still moves on. The metaphor describes her difficult life to be a dilapidated staircase. The times are metaphorically described as the â€Å"splinters, boards torn up, no carpet, bare†. Despite these problems the mother encourages her son to keep on climbing, as she has done her entire life. In the novel, The House on Mango Street, Esperanza grows up in a poor neighborhood but refuses to be limited by her surroundings. She uses literary elements to describe how horrible her place of living is and how she overcomes the will to give up. The setting in witch she is surrounded by is described as being poor, segregated, unwelcoming and just plain beaten down. For example when Esperanza says in the literary work, â€Å"The House on Mango Street is small and red with tight steps in front and the windows so small you’d think they were holding their breath† just describes a little bit how bad she thinks of her home. But even though she hates her surroundings she is faced with a conflict. Esperanza, versus nature. She hates her setting, but yet still wants to persevere. In both the novel, The House on Mango Street, and the poem â€Å"Mother to Son†, the narrators are faced with struggle and hardship. A mother trying to block out the negativity in her sons head, to allow him to persevere, and a young adult trying to understand that even though times can be rough, she can still move on, and still survive.

The Illusion of the Good Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Papers

The Illusion of the Good ABSTRACT: The question of ethics relates to the good and its contrary, evil. What ethics does with its object is to seek to understand it, that is, not to produce either the concept of the good or the actions that fall under that concept. Thus, the question that follows is: What is the good?, or strictly speaking, what is the definition of the good? But the definition asked for, as any other definition, is necessarily related to the science of language. But language itself is a social phenomenon. Consequently, the definition of any concept implies the quest of the social roots of this concept. In this sense, the quest of the roots is prior to the quest of what is. Examples are taken from Plato’s Republic, Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents, and Schlick’s Problems of Ethics to show that the good is either in the state, in the super-Ego or in society. This means that the origin of the good lies outside the good itself, or, outside ethics. Hence, we cannot spe ak of the good per se, and if we do, we fall into an illusion. Q: To what object does the question of ethics relate? A: To the good and its contrary, evil. Q: And what does ethics do with the object? A: Ethics seeks to understand it, that is, not to produce neither the concept the good, nor the actions that fall under this concept. Thus, the question that seems to follow is: What is good? Or, strictly speaking, what is the definition of good? But the definition asked for, as any other definition, is related, necessarily, to the science of language as G.E. Moore has pointed out in his book. But language, itself, is a social phenomenon. Consequently, the definition of any concept. In this sense, the quest of the social roots i... ...in internal psychological processes, and considering nature as the sole enemy and as the source of evil. Not only nature is evil, but also man as long as the dichotomy goo/evil has been interiorized, and Homo hominy buys us is the inevitable outcome. Nevertheless, real development ran against this illusory dichotomy. The industrial revolution in Europe was preceded by religious critical thinking and the liberation of human reason from any other authority save that of reason itself. Hence, thin revolution reveals that real development is realized with the help of technology guided by science mastering nature for the sake of satisfying man's needs. Notes (1) S. Freud, Civilisation and its Discontents, (trans.) J. Strachey, W.W. Norton Company, Inc. 1961, pp. 71-72. (2) Schlick, Problems of Ethics, (trans.) D. Rynin, Dover Publications, 1961, pp. 90 and 91.

Nightingale Community Hospital Jcaho Audit Preparation: Information Management

Running Head: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AUDIT 1 Executive Summary Nightingale Community Hospital is preparing for a Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, or JCAHO, audit. In preparation of the coming audit, Nightingale has released JCAHO’s Priority Focus Areas for the hospital. The priority focus areas outlined are Information Management, Medication Management, Communication, and Infection Control. The area of focus for this assessment will be Information Management. Information management is one of the most important systems in health care.Maintaining a complete and accurate record of the patient’s health care information. The patient’s health record includes all information about the patient, the health care the patient has received, and all practitioner’s notes pertaining to the patient’s care. Compliance in Information Management ensures that the hospital maintains a high quality of patient care. Information management, as outlined by JCAHO, includes three Joint Commission Standards in the audit. The ? rst standard, IM. 02. 02. 01, which encompasses whether the hospital manages the collection of information effectively.The standard includes three Elements of Performance, or EPs. The three EPs include whether the hospital uses standardized and uniform data sets to collect information, whether the hospital uses standard, consistent terminology, abbreviations, symbols and whether the hospital follows a policy of prohibited abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations among other performance measures (The Joint Commission, 2012). Upon review of the ? rst EP as well as the reports and documentation provided by Nightingale Community Hospital, the Admission Orders form allows for consistent, pertinent patient information to be collected to ensure optimal ontinuum of care for patients. The form should be reviewed on a regular basis to ensure that critical data points are included in the data Running Head: IN FORMATION MANAGEMENT AUDIT 2 collection process and to include updated requirements. One piece of critical information that should be included on all Admission Orders is the admitting diagnosis. The forms also include pre-checked consultations and orders which may not apply to every patient who is admitted; this check marks in the boxes will need to be removed. In accordance with the second EP, the hospital uses standard terminology, de? itions, abbreviations, acronyms, symbols, and dose designations on the forms that have been provided (The Joint Commission, 2012). The third EP, which addresses whether Nightingale Community Hospital follows a list of prohibited abbreviations, is not in compliance with the Joint Commission’s standards. The graph on page three of the National Patient Safety Goal Data: Information Management report, shows the incidence of using prohibited abbreviations was not within acceptable thresholds for January or December; the goal for compliance is 99. 6%.To achieve compliance with the Joint Commission, the organization must not have more than 2 occurrences of non-compliance. The organization improved by eliminating the use of three abbreviations; qd, x3d, and sc. The organization’s graph shows that in January the abbreviation, u, was used 17% of the time and in December was used 63% which is an increase of 46%. To be in compliance with the hospital’s benchmark, the occurrences must be at or below the error threshold of . 04%. To accomplish the task, the organization will need to implement a corrective action plan.To begin, the organization will need to appoint an Information Management compliance team. The compliance team’s primary responsibilities should be limited to auditing the non-compliant records to determine trends in usage of prohibited abbreviations. When the audit is complete, the results will determine the source of the usage of prohibited abbreviations. The possibility of a speci? c department or an individual within a department making the error will be reviewed. After identifying the cause of the increase in abbreviation errors, the team will make aRunning Head: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AUDIT 3! recommendation for departmental compliance training or organization-wide compliance training. The departments leaders will be responsible for developing a compliance training plan, performing the designated training, then documenting who attended training as well as the training dates. Additional audits will be performed at three month intervals post-training to ensure Nightingale Community Hospital’s and The Joint Commission’s standards are met on a consistent basis. The next priority focus area is RC. 1. 01. 01 which ensures that the hospital maintains a separate, complete medical record for each patient. The EPs for this priority focus area include the medical record retention policy and the release of medical records policy (The Joint Commission, 2012). Nightingale Community Hospital appears to be compliant with the Joint Commission’s standards in this priority focus area. The ? nal priority focus area, RC. 01. 04. 01, which ensures that the hospital audits their medical records, has three signi? cantly more detailed EPs: 1.The hospital conducts an ongoing review of medical records at the point of care, based on the following indicators: presence, timeliness, legibility (whether handwritten or printed), accuracy, authentication, and completeness of data and information. 2. The hospital measures its medical record delinquency rate at regular intervals, but no less than every three months. 3. The medical record delinquency rate averaged from the last four quarterly measurements is 50% or less of the average monthly discharge (AMD) rate. Each individual quarterly measurement is no greater than 50% of the AMD rate (The Joint Commission, 2012).The organization appears to be compliant with all three of the EPs. However, the organization fail s to provide documentation to reflect the interval in which audits are performed Running Head: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AUDIT 4! on the medical records. The medical record delinquency rate also needs to be documented and graphed along with other measures of delinquency. The current graph outlining patient identification documentation errors shows data for two different years. Audit data needs to be consistent in all quality improvement graphs and reports.The lack of adequate documentation on policy and procedure for the various measures makes it difficult to accurately assess whether Nightingale Community Hospital is in complete compliance with the Joint Commission’s standards. The suggestion for the team members responsible for ensuring accurate data is collected for the Joint Commission’s future audit, is to create a spreadsheet listing the Priority Focus Areas as well as the Elements of Performance. The spreadsheet should reflect which EPs require documentation and wh ich require a Measure of Success as well as the Scoring Category of each.The spreadsheet will help keep the data organized and the team members can quickly see what information is missing. Staying organized and thoroughly researching each performance measurement will help ensure a successful Joint Commission compliance audit. Running Head: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AUDIT 5! References The Joint Commission. (2012). The Joint Commission Comprehensive Accreditation and Certification Manual. Retrieved from https://e-dition. jcrinc. com/MainContent. aspx. Running Head: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AUDIT 6!Hospitalaccreditation,Hospital,JointCommission,Healthcarequality,Internationalhealthcareaccreditation,TheComplianceTeam,Healthcare,MedicalrecordRunning Head: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AUDIT 1 Executive Summary Nightingale Community Hospital is preparing for a Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, or JCAHO, audit. In preparation of the coming audit, Nightingale has released JCAHO’s Priority Focus Areas for the hospital. The priority focus areas outlined are Information Management, Medication Management, Communication, and Infection Control. The area of focus for this assessment will be Information Management. Information management is one of the most important systems in health care.Maintaining a complete and accurate record of the patient’s health care information. The patient’s health record includes all information about the patient, the health care the patient has received, and all practitioner’s notes pertaining to the patient’s care. Compliance in Information Management ensures that the hospital maintains a high quality of patient care. Information management, as outlined by JCAHO, includes three Joint Commission Standards in the audit. The ? rst standard, IM. 02. 02. 01, which encompasses whether the hospital manages the collection of information effectively.The standard includes three Elements of Performance, or EPs. The three EPs include whether the hospital uses standardized and uniform data sets to collect information, whether the hospital uses standard, consistent terminology, abbreviations, symbols and whether the hospital follows a policy of prohibited abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations among other performance measures (The Joint Commission, 2012). Upon review of the ? rst EP as well as the reports and documentation provided by Nightingale Community Hospital, the Admission Orders form allows for consistent, pertinent patient information to be collected to ensure optimal ontinuum of care for patients. The form should be reviewed on a regular basis to ensure that critical data points are included in the data Running Head: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AUDIT 2 collection process and to include updated requirements. One piece of critical information that should be included on all Admission Orders is the admitting diagnosis. The forms also include pre-checked consultations and order s which may not apply to every patient who is admitted; this check marks in the boxes will need to be removed. In accordance with the second EP, the hospital uses standard terminology, de? itions, abbreviations, acronyms, symbols, and dose designations on the forms that have been provided (The Joint Commission, 2012). The third EP, which addresses whether Nightingale Community Hospital follows a list of prohibited abbreviations, is not in compliance with the Joint Commission’s standards. The graph on page three of the National Patient Safety Goal Data: Information Management report, shows the incidence of using prohibited abbreviations was not within acceptable thresholds for January or December; the goal for compliance is 99. 6%.To achieve compliance with the Joint Commission, the organization must not have more than 2 occurrences of non-compliance. The organization improved by eliminating the use of three abbreviations; qd, x3d, and sc. The organization’s graph shows that in January the abbreviation, u, was used 17% of the time and in December was used 63% which is an increase of 46%. To be in compliance with the hospital’s benchmark, the occurrences must be at or below the error threshold of . 04%. To accomplish the task, the organization will need to implement a corrective action plan.To begin, the organization will need to appoint an Information Management compliance team. The compliance team’s primary responsibilities should be limited to auditing the non-compliant records to determine trends in usage of prohibited abbreviations. When the audit is complete, the results will determine the source of the usage of prohibited abbreviations. The possibility of a speci? c department or an individual within a department making the error will be reviewed. After identifying the cause of the increase in abbreviation errors, the team will make aRunning Head: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AUDIT 3! recommendation for departmental compliance traini ng or organization-wide compliance training. The departments leaders will be responsible for developing a compliance training plan, performing the designated training, then documenting who attended training as well as the training dates. Additional audits will be performed at three month intervals post-training to ensure Nightingale Community Hospital’s and The Joint Commission’s standards are met on a consistent basis. The next priority focus area is RC. 1. 01. 01 which ensures that the hospital maintains a separate, complete medical record for each patient. The EPs for this priority focus area include the medical record retention policy and the release of medical records policy (The Joint Commission, 2012). Nightingale Community Hospital appears to be compliant with the Joint Commission’s standards in this priority focus area. The ? nal priority focus area, RC. 01. 04. 01, which ensures that the hospital audits their medical records, has three signi? cantly mo re detailed EPs: 1.The hospital conducts an ongoing review of medical records at the point of care, based on the following indicators: presence, timeliness, legibility (whether handwritten or printed), accuracy, authentication, and completeness of data and information. 2. The hospital measures its medical record delinquency rate at regular intervals, but no less than every three months. 3. The medical record delinquency rate averaged from the last four quarterly measurements is 50% or less of the average monthly discharge (AMD) rate. Each individual quarterly measurement is no greater than 50% of the AMD rate (The Joint Commission, 2012).The organization appears to be compliant with all three of the EPs. However, the organization fails to provide documentation to reflect the interval in which audits are performed Running Head: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AUDIT 4! on the medical records. The medical record delinquency rate also needs to be documented and graphed along with other measures of delinquency. The current graph outlining patient identification documentation errors shows data for two different years. Audit data needs to be consistent in all quality improvement graphs and reports.The lack of adequate documentation on policy and procedure for the various measures makes it difficult to accurately assess whether Nightingale Community Hospital is in complete compliance with the Joint Commission’s standards. The suggestion for the team members responsible for ensuring accurate data is collected for the Joint Commission’s future audit, is to create a spreadsheet listing the Priority Focus Areas as well as the Elements of Performance. The spreadsheet should reflect which EPs require documentation and which require a Measure of Success as well as the Scoring Category of each.The spreadsheet will help keep the data organized and the team members can quickly see what information is missing. Staying organized and thoroughly researching each performance me asurement will help ensure a successful Joint Commission compliance audit. Running Head: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AUDIT 5!References The Joint Commission. (2012). The Joint Commission Comprehensive Accreditation and Certification Manual. Retrieved from https://e-dition. jcrinc. com/MainContent. aspx. Running Head: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AUDIT 6!

How to Use a Tree Diagram for Probability