Identifiable Criminal Behavior Modus Operandi And Signature

Modus Operandi In criminal forensic behavioral analysis there are two identifiable criminal behavior that Modus Operandi and Signature. Modus Operandi and a criminal’s signature the two terms that have similarities however the terms represent totally different criminal behavior (van Gijn, E. L., Lamb, M. E., 2013). In general all criminals have Modus Operandi because this is someone peculiarities in behavior, however not every criminal have a signature which is a particular mark or stamp left to exemplify their presence on a crime scene. Let review the brief history of both terms. Let’s begin with the term Modus Operandi which means the particular way someone does something in the criminal justice system it is used to describe the â€Å"behavioral strategies criminals use to obtain and retain their victims† thing the criminal believes work (Bartol, Bartol, 2016). Everyone has habit or techniques they used to complete a task this is the same when committing a crime. There are three major perpetration of a crime in order when a criminal is engaging in a criminal activity number one mapping out ways to complete the crime, number two have an escape a way to get out, and lastly having a way to avoid capture (Bartol, Bartol, 2016).. While engaging in the criminal offense criminals tend to form or show habits or patterns, which can be detected by forensic phycologist or the investigator. Serial offenders often prefect their Modus Operandi they evolve from their mistake the

People Meet Nature By Knut Rasmussen - 1663 Words

In the book People Meet Nature, Knut Rasmussen, a Danish explorer, tells the story of his meeting with an Eskimo named Sealdog. Throughout the time they spent together Sealdog told Knut multiple stories, all of which contained morals. However, one of the stories stood out to Knut, due to its lack of a larger lesson. When he asked Sealdog for the meaning behind the story, Sealdog mentioned that not all stories needed to have morals to be meaningful. Sometimes stories can be told for the sake of humor or enjoyment (Isberg, 2007). Often people feel the need to attribute a greater significance to everything and disregard what they perceive as useless. In this paper, I will be looking at whether or not there is a requirement in society for art and literature to be useful. The utility of diverse art forms stems from an individual’s unique perspective which many differ from the societal conceptions and the need one has to express one’s opinions. According to dictionary.com, t he definition of useful is â€Å"being of use or service; serving some purpose† (Useful). To be useful, something needs to be able to be applied. In regards to this paper, for a work of art and literature to be useful means that it needs to be applicable in society. In her passage, Freeland states Kant’s way of thinking which is that â€Å"something beautiful has ‘purposiveness without a purpose’† (2001). Having purposiveness with purpose means that in life many things can end up having a purpose without theShow MoreRelatedCommon Knowledge : How Companies Thrive by Sharing What They Know56617 Words   |  227 PagesOrganizational learning. 2. Business enterprisesCommunication systems. 3. Intellectual cooperation. 4. Information networks-Economic aspects. 5. Success in business. I. Title. HD58.82 .D585 2000 658.4 5-dc21 99048879 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Publications and Documents in Libraries and Archives Z39.481992. Page v FOR MY SONS WHOSE LIVES HAVE SO GREATLY ENRICHED MY OWN: STEPHEN DIXON JOHNSON RICHARD SCOTT

Impact of Brexit

Question: Discuss about theImpact of Brexit. Answer: Brexit- An Introduction To understand the effects of Brexit, one must understand its meaning first. Brexit is a name given to the event that happened in Europe. Europe is a large continent, having many countries. Out of which, 28 countries have signed an economic and political treaty after the Second World War. These countries are together known as European Economic Community (EEC) or European Union (EU). This treaty was signed to avoid wars among countries and foster co-operation in terms of trade and business. The entire EU works as a single market. This implies that goods and people can move freely without any formal requirements. EU has its own parliament and own currency, which is known as Euro, used by its 19 members. UK or United Kingdom of Great Britain was also a member of EU. But at the start of 2016, it wanted to leave the group and continue as an independent country. In June 2016, a referendum was passed to leave EU since 52% of the population voted and supported the idea. If we see the results in more detail, UK comprises of 4 countries- England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Irelands. Englands 53.4% population voted to leave EU. Such share in Wales amounted to 52.5%. However, in Scotland, only 38% and in Northern Irelands, only 44.2% voted to leave EU. Hence, the term Brexit implies exit of Britain from EU. It will have many political and economic implications on UK, European and global economies (Mller Oliver, 2014). Arguments in Support of Brexit The elderly people of UK strongly support Brexit. The most prominent reason was immigration. Migrants from all over the Europe came to take away jobs and vacancies in schools, universities, etc. from British people. They argued that their own people are left with very few opportunities because of this issue. Another reason was that after Brexit, British economy will strengthen since they will be able to trade in their interests. Hence, supporters wanted Britain to be the Great Britain. Besides that, they do not want bureaucrats of Brussels to design their future. They wanted to be independent and flexible. That is why, majority of the people supported Brexit (Melville, 2016). Arguments Against Brexit The first reason of opposing Brexit was status quo. Majority of youth of UK proposed that they have immense job opportunities in their country because of foreign organizations operating here. They will be lost completely and there will be an employment crisis in the country. Secondly, Brexit will force business organizations and government to move to a new way, which will lead to a great uncertainty in future. It will also be a big blow to middle class households. Besides, being a part of friendly treaty is a safety sign from wars like uncertainties. These were the reasons to oppose Brexit (Vasilopoulou, 2006). Impact of Brexit A serious political and economic impact can be seen in various parts of the world due to Brexit. UK, which had been a prominent place of international trade with many countries of EU and others, had lost its attractiveness. Its currency is depreciating and a situation of chaos and confusion is prevailing in the country. On the other hand Europe has not remained untouched. If a part of body is not well, the entire body suffers. Likewise, a significant part of EU has left, so its economy is also hampered due to Brexit. Besides, London had been a financial hub with more than 250 foreign banks and more than 200 foreign law firms. They have endangered London to quit their operations from there. Their stocks are heavily impacted in return. Apart from that, they will not be able to continue business in such a convenient manner as earlier (Irwin, 2015). Impact on Currency Values The referendum of June 2016 on UKs leave from EU has created a scene of great uncertainty in the market. Currency market is one of the most vital components of entire financial system. Direct impact would be on UK and European currency. Since the Brexit is confirmed, both the currencies are falling. However, depreciation in pound sterling is much more significant than that of euro. The impact on other currencies will be seen later when this referendum will be executed in a year or two. Reason of this influence is that trading terms among various countries are going to change significantly after Brexit. This will affect payment of export- imports. Hence, there will be a change in currency valuation (Begg Mushvel, 2016). Impact on Stock Markets The UKs decision to leave European Union has given a great shock to the investors. Across the global financial markets, there are shockwaves due to this referendum. The pound and euro had a vital impact. Besides that, if we talk particularly about stock markets, FTSE100, which is an index of top 100 stocks of UK, had fallen sharply due to initial impact of Brexit. However, it has started recovering. But it still needs to stabilise. Secondly, a vast index of top 250 stocks is also showing a fall out. This clarifies an adverse impact of brexit on stock markets (Dhingra et al., 2016). Impact on UK Market Initial impacts on UK can be seen clearly. Although supporters are saying that there will be no adverse impact. Since the entire country has currently faced the issue strongly and initial shocks are borne boldly there will be no issues further. But the long- term impact on the UK economy will be deteriorating to the country. Firstly, London, the financial hub is going to lose its attractiveness in terms of investments rather the entire economy will face a run down in the investors confidence. Currently, the effect can be seen on GBP (Great Britain Pound). Since the referendum of June 2016 has been declared, the currency is facing a significant downfall. Britain was considered at the top in terms of AAA rating, which is not so now. Many economic indicators are pointing towards a downturn in business cycle in UK. It has also been said that if not controlled smartly, this issue will have a severe impact than that of the global financial crisis of 2008 (Dhingra et al., 2016). Impact on Global Markets The entire European Union and even the rest parts of the world will have a direct bearing due to Brexit. However, major impact would be on member countries of EU. This impact will be significant in political, economic and financial terms. Exports within EU are allowed without any tariffs or duties. However, these will be levied now in trading with UK. Besides that, supply chain of many industries will be hampered worldwide. Many big entrepreneurs are going to face a critical challenge in managing their investments and policy returns. One of the major impacts on Europe will be that their cost of borrowing might rise. There will be a serious political concern in EU. If this leaving Union goes successful, it will encourage other member states to do the same, which will destabilise the political conditions in Europe. Europe will lose its significance in such a scenario (Irwin, 2015). Role of Governments and Central Banks The role of governments to manage the chaos, confusion and uncertainty can be critically determined only when the actual outcomes can be seen. However, they can do to something even now to keep a hold on current situation. Currency of a country is depreciated or appreciated due to market changes. But a central government can intervene and revalue or devalue the currency according to the scenario. Besides that, central banks should critically keep an eye on economic indicators. They can influence interest rates that can deter the impact on Europe. The cost of borrowing can be controlled in such a manner. Hence, in uncertainty even, some steps can be taken to reduce the adverse impact and bring stability in economy (Yencken, 2016). References Begg, I. Mushvel, F., 2016. The economic impact of brexit: jobs, growth and the public finances. [Online] Available at: https://www.lse.ac.uk/europeanInstitute/LSE-Commission/Hearing-11---The-impact-of-Brexit-on-jobs-and-economic-growth-sumary.pdf [Accessed 4 September 2016]. Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G.I., Sampson, T. Van Reenen, J., 2016. The consequences of Brexit for UK trade and living standards. Center for Economic Performance. Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G., Sampson, T. Van Reenen, J., 2016. The impact of Brexit on foreign investment in the UK. Centre for Economic Performance (CEP). Irwin, G., 2015. BREXIT: the impact on the UK and the EU. [Online] Available at: https://www.global-counsel.co.uk/sites/default/files/special-reports/downloads/Global%20Counsel_Impact_of_Brexit.pdf [Accessed 4 September 2016]. Melville, T., 2016. The Brexit Referendum: How did it come to this?. Reuters. Mller, A. Oliver, T., 2014. The United Kingdom and the European Union: what would a Brexit mean for the EU and other States around the World? European and global perspectives. The German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP). Vasilopoulou, S., 2006. UK Euroscepticism and the Brexit Referendum. The Political Quarterly, 87(2), pp.219-27. Yencken, E., 2016. Envisioning the Brexit: The potential implications of a UK exit on the EUs relations with third countries. Australia: The University of Melbourne.

Total War in Modern World History

One of the history’s seeming paradoxes is the fact that, the more humanity appears to be affiliated with the values of progress and enlightenment, the bloodier are the wars, in which the world’s most technologically and culturally advanced countries find themselves plunged into.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Total War in Modern World History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, despite the paradoxical subtleties of the phenomenon in question, the earlier mentioned state of affairs can be best referred to, as such that has been dialectically predetermined by the very laws of history. In this paper, I will explore the validity of the above-stated at length, while promoting the idea that the very emergence of the term ‘total war’ cannot be discussed outside of the fact that, throughout the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, it was specifically the Westerners’ gr owing awareness of what the concept of ‘nationhood’ stands for, which began to define the qualitative dynamics on the arena of international politics. The origins of the term ‘total war’ can be traced back to the era of the Napoleonic Wars. After all, it was namely Napoleon, who took a practical advantage of the policy of a nationwide ‘mass mobilization’, as the main principle of staffing the French army with soldiers (Broers 253). This suggestion contains a clue, as to why it proved possible for Napoleon to be able to do it, in the first place. Ever since the time of the French Great Revolution, it became a commonplace practice among Europeans to go about constructing their sense of self-identity along the lines of what happened to be the particulars of these people’s national, rather than religious or socially-sectarian affiliation. In its turn, this predetermined the main characteristic of the Napoleonic Wars – the fact that, d uring the course of hostilities, the combatants on both warring sides tended to perceive the significance of their involvement, as such that related to what these people were, in the ethno-cultural sense of this word. It is needless to mention, of course, that this created objective preconditions for the concerned warfare to be marked with utter cruelty – one of the total war’s main features.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reason for this is apparent – the very paradigm of war between the two or more nations presupposes that, regardless of what happened to be their age, gender or social status, the citizens from from involved countries do contribute (directly or indirectly) to the continually applied war-effort. In its turn, this naturally makes the legitimate targets of military operations. This suggestion explains the sheer cruelty, with which the French soldiers were trying to ‘pacify’ the Spanish civilians, during the course of the so-called ‘Peninsular War’ (1807-1814). Nevertheless, its contemporary sounding the concept of ‘total war’ has attained at the time of the WW1. After all, it is not only that this war resulted in the deaths of great many civilians, but also it has brought about the rise of a new military strategy, the advocates of which believed that the war’s actual objectives must be consistent with the notion of ‘totality’. Eventually, this resulted in the qualitative transformation of the term ‘soldier’. Whereas, prior to the outbreak of the WW1, soldiers used to be encouraged to act in the ‘knightly’ manner, while at the front-line, from the year 1914 onwards, this effectively ceased to be the case. The mentioned war’s ‘totality’ resulted in the creation of the situation when, regardless of what happened to be the particulars of their national affiliation, the front-line soldiers began to be progressively discussed in terms of a ‘cannon meat’ (Neilson 19). The historical account of the WW1, provides us with the insight into what can be considered the additional indications of a particular military clash deserving to be considered a ‘total war’. These indications can be outlined as follows: a) The deployment of the airforce, as the mean of causing damage to the hostile country’s economic infrastructure and the instrument of terrifying civilians. The validity of this suggestion can be well illustrated in regards to the bombing missions, carried out by German Zeppelins against the city of London through the years 1915-1918. b) The dramatic boost, provided to the pace of the technological progress by the ongoing hostilities. As a direct consequence of the WW1, the Western civilization has undergone nothing short of a technological revolution.Advertising W e will write a custom term paper sample on Total War in Modern World History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, before the outset of the WW1, there were only 600 internal-combustion vehicles in Britain; whereas, by the time this war ended, the country’s automotive industry has managed to manufacture 60.000 cars, which differed drastically in quality/technology from the ones produced before the war. The reason for this is apparent – only the states (at the time of a ‘total war’) are able to invest adequately in the economy’s technologically intense sectors, while overlooking the scope of potential hazards – these hazards to not come even remotely close to the danger of the country’s territory facing the prospect of being occupied by the enemy. c) The fact that those states that end up losing a ‘total war’, are commonly being deprived of their de facto independence. For example, according to the Treaty of Versailles, signed in the aftermath of the WW1, Germany was required to pay an enormous monetary contribution, while forbidden to continue maintaining its military airforce and fleet, which in turn has effectively reduced this country into nothing short of a semi-independent ‘bantustan’. d) The deployment of wartime propaganda for the purpose of dehumanizing the enemy. In the time of the WW1, it became a commonplace practice, on the part of the warring countries’ governments, to invest heavily in the production of propagandistic posters, which portrayed the enemy soldiers as murderous beasts, who were born to kill and destroy, as their only the purpose in life (Strayer 1025). This, of course, created additional prerequisites for the WW1to end up gaining the fame of being utterly atrocious. Nevertheless, it was namely during the course of the WW2, that the term ‘total war’ has attained its modern-day meaning. P artially, this has to do with the fact that it was in 1943 that this term was mentioned for the first time by Dr. Goebbels, when he was holding his famous ‘Sportpalace Speech’ in Berlin.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While addressing the crowd, he pointed out that, regardless of what happened to be their gender and age, all Germans are expected to actively contribute to the country’s ongoing war-effort (Overy 622). However, the actual reason why many historians refer to the WW2, as the most illustrative example of what ‘total war’ is all about, is that during the course of this war, the actual objective of many military operations (at least on the part of the Germans) became the physical elimination of the whole nations. For example, as it is now being known for just about anyone, Nazis strived for nothing less than ‘freeing’ world of Jews, in the physical sense of this word. Essentially the same they planned to do with the Russians – the so-called ‘Plan Ost’, designed by the SS Reichsfà ¼hrer Himmler, contained a number of detailed provisions, as to how the population of Russians could be reduced down to 30 million, within the matter of 10 y ears. It needs to be mentioned that, in respect of conducting a particularly atrocious warfare (‘total war’), the Allies did not fall too far behind their German counterparts. The full legitimacy of this statement can be shown in relation to the Allied bombing of Dresden on February 13, 1945, during the course of which, at least 75.000 of German civilians have lost their lives in the artificially created firestorms (Beck 332). The nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the US, stands out as yet another illustrative example – even though that there was no any immediate military necessity to proceed with this bombing, President Truman nevertheless did choose in favor of it. This provides us with the clue, as to the probably the most crucial sign that a particular war may indeed be discussed in terms of the ‘total’ one – the warring parties’ preoccupation with trying to kill as many ‘enemy’ civilians, as possible. Within the context of a ‘total war’, the considerations of morality have no place, whatsoever, because this type of war is being fought exactly for the purpose of ‘freeing’ the most attractive environmental niches on the planet, which in turn can only be achieved by the mean of elimination these niches’ former occupants physically – pure and simple. In light of what has been said earlier, in regards to the discussed subject matter, the paper’s initial thesis may indeed be considered thoroughly valid. After all, as it was shown, it is namely the objective laws of history that predetermine the outbreaks of ‘total wars’ and not the ongoing ‘decline of morals’, as some naà ¯ve people continue to believe. Works Cited Beck, Earl. â€Å"The Allied Bombing of Germany, 1942-1945, and the German Response: Dilemmas of Judgment.† German Studies Review 5.3 (1982): 325-337. Print. Broers, Michael. â€Å"The Concept of â⠂¬ËœTotal War’ in the Revolutionary Napoleonic Period.† War in History 15.3 (2008): 247-268. Print. Neilson, Keith. â€Å"Total War: Total History.† Military Affairs 51.1 (1987): 17-21. Print. Overy, R. J. â€Å"Mobilization for Total War in Germany 1939-1941.† The English  Historical Review 103.408 (1988): 613-639. Print. Strayer, Robert. Ways of the World: A Brief Global History with Sources, Volume  2. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2012. Print. This term paper on Total War in Modern World History was written and submitted by user Jovani S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Evil In Dante And Chaucer Essays - Divine Comedy, Afterlife, Italy

Evil in Dante and Chaucer We in the twentieth century would be much more hard-pressed to define evil than would people of either Chaucer's or Dante's time. Medieval Christians would have a source for it -- Satan -- and if could easily devise a series of ecclesiastical checklists to test its presence and its power. In our secular world, evil has come down to something that hurts people for no explicable reason: the bombing of the Federal Building in Oklahoma City, the burning of black churches in the South. We have taken evil out of the hands of Satan, and placed it in the hands of man. In doing so, we have made it less absolute, and in many ways less real. Nonetheless, it must be recognized that in earlier times evil was not only real but palpable. This paper will look at evil as it is portrayed in two different works -- Dante's Divine Comedy, and Chaucer's Canterbury Tales -- and analyze what the nature of evil meant to each of these authors. The Divine Comedy is an epic poem in which the author, Dante, takes a visionary journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. The purpose of Dante's visit to Hell is to learn about the true nature of evil. He is guided in this journey by the ghost of the Roman classical poet Virgil, who, as wise in the ways of the spirit as he may be, cannot go to Heaven because he is not a Christian. Virgil's experience in the underworld, however, make him an authority on its structure, and he is more than willing to share his knowledge with Dante in order that Dante might return to life and share his revelations with others. In Hell Dante is presented with insight into the nature of evil, which, he is told, has to be seen and experienced to be understood. At any rate, only after having looked the Devil in the face and seen for himself the horror, the stupidity, and the self-destructiveness of Hell, is Dante ready to move out of the Inferno and back up toward the light of God's love. Dante conceived of Hell as a cone-shaped hole, terraced into seven concentric "rings". The uppermost level, Limbus, actually is not a Hell at all, but merely an abode for good people born into the culture of Christianity but who themselves had never been baptized, as well as those born before the time of Christ. Below Limbus, however, the rings of Hell yawn deeper and deeper, and the torments grow more severe, ending at the bottom with a frozen lake which is the abode of Satan himself. Each different type of sin merits its own ring. The unfortunate inhabitants of each ring and pouch and section of Hell receive a different

Response about Landscape and Narrative by Barry Lopez

Response about Landscape and Narrative by Barry Lopez As the title illustrates, ‘Landscape and Narrative’ by Barry Lopez illustrates the relationship between the landscape and a narrative.   The author illustrates that a narrative serves its purpose if it manages to illustrate the relationship between the interior and the exterior landscape effectively and in an orderly manner.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Response about Landscape and Narrative by Barry Lopez specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The exterior landscape represents the earth and the ecosystem while the interior landscape represents the mind, thoughts and everything that happens in a person’s mind.   Therefore,  it is clear that Lopez uses the issue of landscape to illustrate the role of a narrative as well as the points that ought to be considered to come up with an effective narrative. Lopez illustrates that a narrator should have knowledge on the interior and exterior landscape to come up with an effective narrative. Since the exterior landscape represents the land, a narrator is supposed to have a lot of knowledge on the   Ã‚  same to be in a position to effectively provide the relationship between the two landscapes. However, since it is not possible to have full knowledge on the land or the exterior landscape, observing the relationship between different elements can be very helpful. Most importantly, the author illustrates that full knowledge can only be realized if all the elements are studied together not separately. For instance, in an organization, there are different departments and the importance of each department can only be understood if someone studies how the whole system works. By so doing, the narrator is able to represent the exterior environment in such a way that the reader can identify with it and believe the narrator. Apart from that, the way it is presented is also a consideration as well as the phrases used since it is i mportant to ensure that all readers at all levels can be in a position to grasp the main idea and understand the content. In that case, Lopez has succeeded in illustrating how a story can be informative since it is a main prerequisite of an effective narrative. The role of a narrative is also a major idea that is brought out throughout the whole story.   Lopez   illustrates   that a well organized story that  unites the two landscapes is able to result to a state   of well being   since it is stated that â€Å" The  Ã‚   listener who takes the   story to heart will feel pervasive sense of congruence within   himself and   also in the world â€Å"(Lopez pp. 44). Therefore, according to Lopez, a well written story has got the power of healing and even  nurturing the spirit  of human beings after uniting the interior and the exterior landscape. Moreover, it provides individuals with knowledge concerning various elements in the land through studying their relat ionship as illustrated by the narrator.Advertising Looking for critical writing on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lopez uses the example of a narrative to illustrate the constituents of an effective narrative as well as the eventual roles played by the same. Use of the wolverine stories is very effective since by so doing, the reader grasps the intent of the author without major difficulties. Moreover, the  story also illustrates the power of presenting information of the exterior environment in an orderly manner and in a way that the reader can identify with the elements of the land. As a result, the author is able to believe the narrator and to take the information as truth. As an example, Lopez explains that after sending the information about the wolverine to a friend, she got a positive response though the friend had never seen the creatures. Therefore, although Lopez does not concentrate so much on presentation, she has made a major contribution in illustrating not only the role, but also the constituents of `the story. In conclusion, Lopez states that â€Å"As long as the  storyteller carefully  describes the  order before him, and uses his story telling skill to heighten and emphasize certain relationships, it is even possible for the story to be more successful  than the story teller himself is able to imagine† (Lopez pp. 146). Work Cited Lopez, Barry. Landscape and Narrative . 1970. Web.

Helicopter vs Planes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Helicopter vs Planes - Essay Example Research indicates that a person on the helicopter has high chances of making it safely to the ground than one on an airplane. Survival on a helicopter is possible because of autorotation of the rotor blade. The rotor blades of a helicopter go on rotating when engine fails. Helicopter pilots are well aware of this phenomenon because they practice a lot during training. They are thought to switch off the engine and land a helicopter (Hiskey, 2012). A significant number of accidents happen as a result of human error. If one travels using a helicopter on bad weather or flying onto wires he or she is likely to cause accident. Someone might argue that planes are much safer because it always fly at high altitude than a helicopter making it much safer. However, as mentioned above, accidents only happen due to pilot error. An airplane could be more dangerous than helicopter in case engines fails. It will fall at high speed than a helicopter; helicopter utilizes autorotation as mentioned earlier (Hiskey, 2012). In conclusion, it is much safer to travel on a helicopter than an airplane. It is easy to control helicopter when engine fails. Hiskey, D. (2012). Helicopters Won’t Just Drop Like a Rock if the Engine Dies, They are Actually Designed to Be Able to Land Safely This Way. Retrieved from

The Implantable Gastric Stimulator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The Implantable Gastric Stimulator - Essay Example IGS is also being increasingly used for the treatment of Gastroparesis. Obesity is fast bloating into epidemic proportions in the United States and elsewhere in the world. Considering the prevalence of this condition, and the numerous health complications associated with excess weight gain, the need for its mitigation assumes a sense of emergency from public health point of view. Gastric Electric Stimulation (GES) is a novel and drastic method to tackle morbid obesity. This method provides a better alternative to the more invasive surgical procedures for treating morbid obesity. It does not alter gastrointestinal anatomy and has been shown to be safe in hundreds of study patients worldwide. The first IGS procedure was successfully executed in 1995. Since then more than 700 implants have taken place in Europe and the USA with positive results (defeatdiabetes.org). Obesity can be and often is a pathological condition that is not very responsive to diet and exercise. A medical approach too can prove to be ineffective in many cases, unfortunately. When all other simpler methods have failed, surgery becomes the only option to lose weight and stop suffering from various obesity-related health problems, which can even be potentially fatal. GES involves an i Obesity surgery is recommended in men suffering overweight by nearly or more than 100 pounds, and women overweight by 80 pounds, equivalent to a Body Mass Index of 40 (NIDDK 1). Several types of alternative procedures involved in traditional gastro-intestinal surgery result in weight loss either by restricting food intake or interrupting the digestive process. However, all these usual major surgical procedures (e.g., removal or blocking off of a portion of the stomach) have possible side-effects and risks. GES is a relatively new surgical technique which avoids the drawbacks of the conventional bariatric surgery

Five Point Plan for Crime Reduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Five Point Plan for Crime Reduction - Essay Example Yet, despite placing more and more individuals under the control of the country’s correctional center, the crime rate does not seem to be going down. A reasonable conclusion that can be reached from the aforesaid findings is that the present justice system is not working as expected. Alternative plans or policies, therefore, should be adopted to bridge the gap between law enforcement and effective reduction in crime rates. Such policies and measures should be able to address the shortcomings of the existing approaches to crime reduction as well as remedy the limited capacity of the criminal judicial system. Such measures should, at the least, include the following: reducing re-offence through education, training and employment; focused or individualized deterrence; addressing criminal gangs from the roots; Situational Crime Prevention (SCP), and; reducing drug use. Reducing re-offence through education, training and employment One way of reducing crime rates is to lower the ra te of recidivism or reoffending. A study of rearrest, reconviction, and reincarceration conducted by the Bureau of Jail Statistics (BJS) in the 1990s on inmates released in 1994 showed that within three years, more than 50% of them went back to prison within three years from release. Thus, 73.8% of property offenders released in 1994 were rearrested within 3 years and so did 61.7% of violent crime offenders, 66.7% of drug offenders and 62.2% rate of public order offenders (2002). In 2000, 42% of 459,000 US parolees reoffended within 18 months from release (Serin, 2005). A parallel study of reoffending in the UK published by the Audit Commission (1996) revealed that most repeat offenders come from disadvantaged groups, which could entail homelessness, unemployment, drug use, mental and alcohol problems. A majority of the offenders are unemployed at the time of arrest. The youth group has a high rate of recidivism, most of who are out of school. Generally, most prisoners lack necessar y skills for employment (Audit Commission, 1996) Intervention should be applied both in the prisons and in the community. According to Ofsted (2009), education, training and employment are the best ways of reducing re-offence. Joblessness triggers some people to engage in crimes and join gangs to get money. Education and training for prisoners will provide them with important knowledge and skills, which will work to their advantage once they are released from prisons. Employment will be relatively easier and ultimately, reintegration into society. Being armed with the necessary education and training also reduce feelings of inferiority upon return to their respective communities. Difficulties in re-integration can cause depression and frustration and compel newly released prisoners to resort to recidivism. For the youth, this encourages them to seek the company of persons similarly situated, such as joining criminal gangs. Education intervention offers a chance for ex-convicts for a better life rather than engage again in criminality. Technical training is best for most prisoners because it is less academically oriented, but adult and juvenile prisons should receive the same level of education as those in mainstream schools. This will make it easy for the youth offenders to integrate back to their schools or continue with higher

An Overview Of Semiotics And Structuralism Drama Essay

An Overview Of Semiotics And Structuralism Drama Essay In the early 20th Century Ferdinand de Saussure developed the linguistic theory of semiotics, the study of signs within language and the implications of these signs. This involved the analysis of words within texts but after development could be applied to all kinds of art, even paintings and music. The meanings and signs were discovered by studying why a word had been chosen over another, which in turn developed the idea of binary oppositions, for example it is cold because it is not hot. The signs within a text are differential, and it is important to study the relationship between the signs that are being given, and therefore in performance the audience are being sent many messages from what they perceive and this produces very complex layers of meanings as different signs connect with one another. Even seeing how the words are put together, particularly in old texts where the order is different to now, studying the sentences and which words are put with one another give a deeper meaning to the piece. Saussure introduced the idea of there being a signifier and signified to produce a sign. For example, the word tree would be a signifier, and then in the receivers mind they would produce their idea of a tree and this would be the signified, which when both are put together produce the sign of an actual tree. There are many interesting parts to this idea, for example the arbitrary state of these signs, in that there is no intrinsic link between signifier and signified (Culler, 20) as there is no clear reason why a tree is called a tree. Most words can be classed with this arbitrary argument (except onomatopoeia and words that are formed from two others, such as typewriter) and as a result what is further revealed is that because these words have no clear reason for use, everyone has their own interpretation. As a result different words mean different things to different people, and therefore one person may take a certain sign from an aspect of a piece, whereas another persons interpr etation could produce a completely separate sign from the same aspect. As there are so many cultures and no two people have the exact same experiences, each view of a piece will be very different. This does not make one readers interpretation more important, but in fact all signs picked up by all readers of the piece have to be taken into account, making it more complex than even just one person analysing it. Texts are made more complicated by the fact that they are diachronic, as they mean different things depending on when they are being read. For example, an ancient Greek play would have different meanings to it if seen by an ancient Greek in comparison to a contemporary audience. These contrasts in cultures add even more signs to a piece, as it is the differences between the views that show that one audience is missing a significant part of the meaning, and what this lack of meaning will mean as a result. Consequently it is important to acknowledge what would have been taken from the piece in its original time and place for cultural context. Theologists such as Charles Peirce produced another branch off these original ideas based on the idea of the arbitrary state, by analysing how arbitrary a signifier would be in relation to the sign. What he produced was three tiers symbols (such as a word) which were very arbitrary, indexes would be something more closely connected, (such as a musical note on paper) and icons were the least arbitrary, for example a photo or an actor playing a character. Even though this branched off from Saussures semiology ideas, what was important to take from it was that even if a signifier was an icon and was very close to the sign, still a sign stands for something which is not presentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ thus reinforcing the absence and metaphysical hollowness that haunt all signification. (Fortier, 22) In light of this, the whole of reality is questioned as if everyones interpretation of a situation is different, and no sign is more valid than another, what truly is reality, when nobody has the sa me view? This is what semiotics takes on as it is used, as every little thing is an interpretation to somebody, and therefore it is hard to see where to stop analysing, leading to unlimited semiosis, (22) as either everything must have a meaning or nothing has. In light of this a performance can be analysed as soon as an audience enters the theatre space, if not earlier. Peirces ideas, though connected, did branch off significantly from Saussures original work, so for this essay Peirces work is acknowledged but Saussures work will be put into use more. From semiology, Roland Barthes saw the significance of interpretation and chose to take this further in his own studies as he developed what is now known as structuralism. In his ideas, he emphasised the Death of the Author: it is language which speaks, not the author; to write is, through a prerequisite impersonalityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to reach that point where only language acts, performs, and not me. (Barthes, Image, 143) In this light, the authors only function is to produce the text but the readers interpretation is that which brings the detail to the piece, activating jouissance, an orgasmic joy in the unbridled dissemination of meaning. (Fortier, 24) Similar to semiotics, the use of contrasting cultures can produce resistant reading in structuralism, for if a piece has been produced in the style of one cultures codes, reading it using the codes of a different culture means that the text can be read against itself. Codes were very important to Barthes, seen as cultural definitions, for example to the Western world a cow is often seen just as an animal that produces milk and beef, but to a Hindu culture cows are sacred, so even something as simple as this has hugely contrasting meanings to different cultures, and so codes are put into place to help with this analysis. In his work S/Z, Barthes produced five important Narrative Codes, which were: proairetic, which indicated actions; hermeneutic, providing suspense in questions within the text; cultural, using social norms to define information about characters, referencing outside the text to knowledge that should be common to certain cultures; semic or connotative, which detail characters through theme, connected to the final code, symbolic, which goes further than this to binary pairings and larger themes to create a more detailed image for the reader. (Barry, 51) It is clear that semiotics and structuralism overlap and connect with each other greatly and so can be used together in analysing a piece of text, artwork or similar. In their development it seems as if they fed off each other, each building on the same ideas and creating similar ideas. However the main difference appears to be that semiotics are very focused, studying in detail cultural inferences, whereas structuralism is much broader and looks more at the overall effects of the play. By understanding these systems and theories of how all aspects of a text are codes and symbols for the reader to interpret, they can then be used on a play, such as the medieval play Everyman. Written in the late 15th Century, it is generally thought that this plays origin is the Dutch play Elckerlijc, written about the same time (Patterson, 142). Interestingly in the idea of the Death of the Author, the author is unknown for this piece. As a result any personal influences are immediately ruled out an d simply the readers interpretation can be focused on. In this play, Everyman is preparing to die after a visit from Death, and so asks different allegorical figures to join him on his journey to his final resting place. All of these figures represent certain characteristics of humans, such as Goods, Kindness or Strength, but are vividly fleshed out, for the playwright gives these characters traits and behaviours that make them powerfully real and recognizable as individuals on the stage rather than as abstract moral emblems. (Worthen, 236) As a result the use of gestures and the language style that each character uses would emphasise these traits or attributes, and so semiotics can be used to analyse these in detail. Sadly in this text there are very limited stage directions as with most pieces of that era, so much of the work has to be found within the text itself. This reminds us that a play text is arguably not complete in its own state, as it is simply a tool to be used to produce a performance. In medieval times God was much more prominent than nowadays, and so for God to appear in a play in such a way would have had a significant impact on the audience as a true moral lesson in the dwindling ways of peoples behaviour. However in contemporary audiences who are much more atheist, the full significance of the situation may be lost, as an afterlife is believed in less and less, so this means that the moral must come out of not the religious side of the play but of the morals, to simply encourage people to be better in their way of living rather than to emphasise the preparation of arriving at heavens doors. God, in this play, only appears at the beginning of the play to send Death on his mission but as he is the first proper character to appear his moment is made even more prominent. What is notable about the version in Pattersons Wadsworth Anthology is that when God finishes speaking he withdraws (line 71) whereas all other characters such as Death exit (183). This contrast in word choice implies that God never truly exits, and is therefore still involved in the action on stage, a very subtle religious message to the audience that God is always watching. The text also suggests something about the character of God, as he says they forget clean (30) and clean forsake me (35). Using the word clean as he describes sinners is very symbolic as it reflects Gods willingness to forgive and see people as naturally good people who are corrupted, but the cleanliness of their souls is still evident. In contrast to God, Deaths language seems simpler and more to the point when speaking to him, as he takes no time to talk about himself but offers himself up fully for Gods will: Your commandment to fulfill (65). An audiences first view of this character would see a very obedient character that was sudden and swift, which portrays death in reality, which is often sudden and sharp, striking at an unexpected moment. Already within the first 70 lines the reader has experienced very powerful messages, some of which may have only been absorbed subconsciously but will be brought up constantly throughout the play. Everyman, the human representative in the play, is very interesting to study. He gives off a style of conversation that is very hermeneutic, constantly asking questions until he finally gets the answers he needs. His inquisition suggests that he is very confused and startled by the appearance of Death, as would any human, as well as doubtful of what is happening. However as soon as he understands he seems sorrowful and it is clear that he does believe what he is being told by Death as the questions become less frequent. Sadly though, he seems naÃÆ' ¯ve of reality, saying Death giveth no warning! (132) but this seems foolish as death never gives warnings in real life. His fear of death is shown through his desperation, as he offers Death a thousand pounds if his fate could be delayed, again a sign of naivety. Overall this seems to represent a man who does have faith, who is naturally good, but who has got lost in life and has been distracted by worldly things rather than higher mea nings. On line 184, Everyman says Alas, I may weep with sighs deep! This is a very poetic moment as there is an internal rhyme and a true rhythm to the line, and we can learn a lot just from these words. It gives a general feeling of true sorrow, emphasised by Alas but he also seems a softened character, by the use of weep. Where sob or cry may have been used, the author has provided us with a softer sounding word that creates poetry. The beautiful result is that of grace and compassion, and so the reader feels for and relates closely to the character of Everyman, which is obviously the point of the play. We, as readers, then experience the arrival of the first moral figure Fellowship. Death has just left but clearly the impending doom still lingers in the air, as Fellowship even though oblivious to the recent events uses many words connected to death, such as lifes end (213), die (220), say no more (223) and hell (232). This could be seen as dramatic irony, as these words would sting Everyman because of his most recent experience. As a character he is very friendly and his first words on line 206 (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦good morrow, by this day!) are of enthusiasm and amity. These emphasised, optimistic words suggest that Everyman will be safe after all, and Fellowship vows his companionship to Everyman with words suggesting he would die for the friendship, wanting nothing in return. However in discovery of what is needed, Fellowship fails Everyman and refuses to commit to the journey, even in true friendship. This seems like a comment on human actions, questioning whether all humans are li ke Fellowship, willing to be dedicated and loyal until a true time of need comes and we have to sacrifice something important to ourselves. The despair that comes over Everyman in realisation of the fleeting, worthless relationship would resonate throughout an audience as they realise their own decisions in life. Many of the characters are like this, giving Everyman hope at first but letting him down at the true moment of need. Even Five Wits, Beauty, Discretion and Strength, who all appear to be dedicated to him, fail him at the moment when he reaches the grave. All of these are comments on human observations, as we fail one another in the same way and depend on the wrong things in life. Strength is a very interesting character to analyse as every time he speaks he uses several proairetic words, for example We will bring him all thither, / To his help and comfort, ye may believe me (lines 675-6). This suggests that this strength is to represent both mental and physical strength, as his words are active as well as emotive, as help and comfort have dual functions. The physical aspect is emphasised by reference to Judas Maccabaeus, a Jewish historical warrior, so there is a true feeling of fighting and power which is encouraged further by his words such as in battle fight on the ground (685). H owever, as Strength leaves, it reflects on how fear would overpower Everyman at this point, finally coming to terms with his mortality and feebleness as a human as well as despairing in his inevitable fate. Knowledge, on the other hand, is the figure that saves and guides Everyman in the end. He acts as a helping hand to the protagonist, as he can give him information and provide logic and clear decisions, such as suggesting the visit to Confession. This pushes Everyman forward where he may have been lost before, having not thought to call on Knowledge but was suggested by Good Deeds. This is used within the text to show how when fear arrives, humans struggle to focus and think logically, so the arrival of Knowledge is vital to Everymans continued journey, who soon realises the value of this companion and depends on him: give me cognition (538) so the message of the true worth of knowledge is passed on to the readers. Our final character contact is that of the Doctor, who sums up the whole significance of the tale for the reader. In reality a doctor is a scientific, logical person who can be trusted and is responsible for saving others, so the image of a doctor at the end is very official and makes the meaning that more important to listen to. Stating the point of the play very clearly, he addresses the audience directly (ye hearers, line 903), drawing in the spectators to emphasise the connection between Everyman and every man. He stresses the importance of understanding the moral of the play by saying take it of worth (903) while the word worth plays on the idea of our true values in life and what things are really worth to us. This play has constant religious intonations throughout, a significant example is that it opens with the words I pray and the last line says Amen. This is suggesting that the whole text is a prayer, from start to finish. Additional to this is the constant references to Jesus such as on lines 751 and 894 as well as a variety of other religious figures, which supports the theory that a monk or cleric wrote it. (Patterson, 236) Furthermore, the use of the Angel who uses very soft sounds rather than having words chosen with sharp endings or harsh starts, we get a very peaceful feeling of this character as appears only briefly and suggests a soothing impact on our Everyman. Overall, by analysis we can see deeper emphasises of the various figures and their significance within this story as well as the story of life. Semiosis and structuralism allow us to question words with a more scientific mind to see hidden layers of meaning, giving the whole play a stronger feeling of implication on ou r own life. The author, although unknown, may have written it as a message on his own views, or may have been channelling a message from above, but whether in text or performance the reader is taught that this life is fleeting and we must not hesitate to discover our true priorities on Earth.

Mid Term Essay

I affirm that the attached work is entirely my own, except where the words or ideas of other writers are specifically acknowledged according to accepted citation conventions. This assignment has not been submitted for any other course at Robert Kennedy College or any other institution. I have revised, edited and proofread this paper. I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and fully disclosed in this paper (examination). I have also cited any sources (footnotes or endnotes) from which I used data, ideas, theories, or words, whether quoted directly or paraphrased. I further acknowledge that this paper has been prepared by me specifically for this course. MIDTERM ASSESSMENT Q1. 70 Points Understanding Human Behavior is critical to organizations – discuss the benefits of self evaluation/self assessment as it relates to leaders today. Q2. 30 Points: Prejudice can be hurtful and destructive – discuss how you can personally reduce prejudice in your workplace – please provide an example. Understanding Human Behavior is critical to organizations – discuss the benefits of self evaluation/self assessment as it relates to leaders today. As the world is becoming more dependent on electronic gadgets, its becomes more difficult to have a face to face discussion or contacts with the people we work with. These have made it more important to understand the behavior of the people we work with and more critical to any manager that wants to be successful in his organization. For a leader to fully understand Human behavior, that person need to first do what is called self assessment. † being self aware allows one to recognize and improve their strength and weakness in order to maximize their leadership[ potential† Discovering your Authentic Leadership, Harvard Business Review February 2007 page 3 Human behaviors are must predictable if one have taken time to sturdy another person. In organizational Behavior 15th edition by Stephen and Timothy page 11 â€Å"Behavior is generally predictable and the systematic study of behavior is a means to making reasonable accurate predictions† Self evaluation is a major factor towards becoming a good leader, because this evolves looking at oneself so that all aspect that is important are identified and evaluated. As a leader you need to know your capacity and ability. The oxford dictionary defines self assessment as an evaluation of oneself or actions, altitudes or performance. As the definition implies there are several ways that a leader can evaluate his or her performance. In Harvard Business review of 2007 with the title discovering your Authentic leadership page 5 eight key questions are asked, and this I believe if well understood can benefit a leader today. And help to develop a better self evaluation mechanism. The people and experience in your early life have a great impact on an individual, As a leader knowing where your coming from is very important and this makes you to compare note to with were you want to be in the future. Self evaluation will help you know if progress is being made and were more efforts are required. As a modern leader you need to be systematic in your assessment, without over overrating your skills, this can be done through your pears subordinates by way of asking questions that brings out the honest answers from them. Arrogance should not have a part in these for your survival depends on their honest response. Every leader most have values, HBR in discovering you Authentic leadership page 4 says â€Å"The value that forms the basis for Authentic leadership are derived from your beliefs and convictions, but you will not know what your true values are until they are tested under pressure† must time people say† Nothing will ever make me change my mind â€Å"only to shift ground when much pressure are mounted on us, In other wars pressure is what refines our true vales, and when self evaluation is applied the value that you have or come out with unshaken is your true value. A leader is also motivated to act by one action or the other, self assessment will help you to know your motivation, does it come from the inside or the outside? Knowing the answers will help you to discover yourself. Most people waste there life leaving a programmed life, and not having satisfaction, only when they do things out of motivation will they truly be happy. You’re Family, friends, workmates and neighbors all reflect the kind of a leader one is so in the process of self assessments one needs to evaluate all to be sure whether the right set of people are what he has around him. Success is a team work; we are all interdependent on each other. Another area of leadership self awareness is on consistence, Do I double speck? A leader should be known as one who is constant in all situations that confronts him, and make sure everyone within the organization is carried along on most activities. A leader should assess his personality to see if he owns up to his mistake, leaders are human, they make mistakes and should accept correction. Leaders need to make out time for themselves and family. Having done a proper self assessment as a leader am ever more determined to develop a system and process were talented people are attracted and aligned to be future leaders. â€Å"No individual achievement can equal the pleasure of leading a group of people to achieve a worthy goal. When you cross the finish line together, all pain and suffering you may have experienced quickly vanishes† HBR discovering you authentic leadership page 8. In conclusion every leader must do some kind of self assessment periodically for improvement; this in true reflects in the person the quality of a good leader. Q2. Prejudice can be hurtful and destructive – discuss how you can personally reduce prejudice in your workplace – please provide an example. â€Å"All human being are born free and equal in dignity and right, they are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood†. Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human right. Despite this well articulated statement, Prejudice is still a universal problem, we all are prejudiced in one way or the other, but for us to be good leaders we all need to work hard in other to reduce prejudice in our work place. As a step towards reducing prejudice one has to acknowledge that it really exists. It is only when we accept it existence can we start to discuss way to end or reduce prejudice. â€Å"Prejudgment becomes prejudice only if they are not reversible when exposed to new knowledge† says the book the Nature of prejudice. And only the type of contacts that lead people together is likely to result in changed attitudes. According to the report UNISCO against Racism â€Å"education could be a precious tool in the struggle against new form of racism, discrimination and exclusion† having this fine idea before us should make us more aware of our responsibilities. The book Understanding Prejudice and discrimination says. â€Å"Perhaps they must important conclusions to emerge from prejudice research are 1. No one capable of human thoughts and speech is immune from harboring prejudice. It often takes deliberate effort and awareness to reduce prejudice and 3. With sufficient motivation it can be done† As a business owner I have I have synchronized the research work into my working environments. And this have reduced Prejudice in our organization, My country Nigeria is a multi ethnic and culturally diversified nation with more than three hundred ethnic groups. Must time working with people of different ethnic groups can be challenging if once does not do away with his pre conceived thoughts about another tribe. As an IGBO specking person I have come not to think that any other tribe is inferior to mine. So during recruitment we do not discriminate or apply mono-ethnic sentiments, rather we appreciate the diversity and uniqueness of our individuality. So everybody who performs well is given the opportunity to work with us. I have also made sure that each project team is not mono-ethnic; so that they can all learn from their diversity and this have really reduce the level of prejudice in our work place. I have notice a staff who was once very prejudiced about an individual from another ethnic group being good friends after they worked together on a project for a period of time, when I asked about his the new closeness and friendship with the person he was once prejudiced about he simple replied â€Å"ignorance can kill†. This was because by working with the individual as project team member he came to realize that the person has a very good principle and very hardworking too against what he previously thought.

Rape of nanking outline

The Rape of Nanking was a mass murder and war rape the all occurred in the period of six weeks. The Japanese e saw themselves as the superior race compared to the Chinese. There were approve intimately 500,000 people living in Nan king when the Japanese attacked. Over 300,000 CIA villains were killed by the Japanese in brutal ways that even the Nazis living in Anion g at the time were horrified.The Japanese had a long standing contempt for the Chine SE as a people. Being an island nation in the shadow of the much larger China for so much of its history bred a healthy balance offer and nationalism. The Rape of Nanking occurred in just a few weeks late in 1937 to early 1938. When people are asked to describe the Nanking Massacre the most co moon response is â€Å"six weeks of hell. † The Japanese army began to zero in on Nanjing The the the official dates of the war were December 9 , 1937 and lasted tell January 17 1938.The Japanese believed they were superior to all races. Ther efore what atrocity they committed in Nanking were justified to them. The direct cause was the impanel Army took Nanking and wanted to â€Å"celebrate† by raping and murdering thus ands of civilians. During which an estimated 300,000 Chinese soldiers and civilians we re killed, and 20,000 women were raped. The Japanese had troops pushing down from the north while a troop was way ting for them down south. Inside Nanjing was about 70,000 troops and a quarter lion civilians.The troops would begin bringing their own trucks through the city an d not long after that the troops were seen loading people into the trucks by dozens. Nevertheless, most of the Japanese have remembered what happened to the Asian nations including to the people in Nanjing, and the Japanese has lived as a pep useful nation, from the reflection to the war. Being an island nation in the shadow of the much larger for so much of its history bred a healthy balance of fear and nationalism.

The Success Of Flight Centre

The Success Of Flight Centre Flight Centre is a travel agent situated in Australia that has enjoyed a lot of success over the years making it one of the leading travel agents in Australia and the rest of the world (Roth, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Success Of Flight Centre specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main objective of compiling this special report about Flight Centre as an organization is to find out the secrete behind the success of the company and the various management approaches and principles applied by the company’s management to ensure the company maintains its level of success (Johnson, 2005). This paper will explore the management strategies of Flight Centre and the importance of social co-operate responsibility in the development of the company image and brand. Flight Centre Limited as a company became fully operational in 1981 and since then has emerged as the leading travel agent in Australia and the re st of the world. The company had a market capitalization of $1.145 billion on the Australian by the year 2006 indicating a steady growth since its establishment (Johnson, 2005). The company has expanded beyond the boundaries having opened up branches in ten other countries in Europe, America and Africa. Flight centre is one of the leading employers offering jobs to over 8000 workers in its 1500 stores spread across different countries (Roth, 2010). Some of the major countries in which the company has experiences rapid growth include Canada, United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand and South Africa. Since its establishment, the company has revolutionalized international travelling and diversified its services to fully meet customer demands (Roth, 2010). Apart from being a travel agent, the company offers other services such as accommodation, car rentals and holiday packages to comprehensively meet business and holiday needs for its clients. Flight Centre has been able to increase i ts sales because of its effective market segmentation strategies that cater for online, wholesale, corporate and retail clients (Joyce, 2001). Some of the major outstanding factors that make Flight Centre remain very competitive in the market is its extensively network of stores that makes distribution faster and effective and the fact that it is an internationally recognized brand compared to other brands (Thompson, 2005). Flight Centre is the leading travel agent in terms of online transactions making it have a competitive edge over its competitors. Flight Center has been acquiring other companies around the world with the recent one being the Liberty Travel company as a strategy for penetrating the North American market (Dobson et al., 2004).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the weaknesses of Flight Center is its inability to sell tickets directly to its c lients a fact makes it face a lot of competition from other travel agencies like Qantas, Trailfinders, Webjet and S8 which are able to sell their tickets directly. The company also is threatened by the preference of many travelers to make their travel arrangements online instead of engaging the services of travel agents (Soloner, et al., 2006). However, the company has an opportunity to exploit the market due to the ever increasing number of leisure travelers and students who are in need of more affordable flights that can only be organized by travel agents. Flight Centre has a current share price of $21.590 regardless of the fact that there were many natural disasters experienced in the just concluded financial year. The company is expected to record a pre-tax profit of around $ 250 million which will be a 20% increase compared to the previous profit record (Roth, 2010). All the Flight Centre branches in ten countries recorded an increase in sales with the United States Branch bein g the highest with a $2 million profit. The high profits recorded in the last financial year are attributed to the increase in the number of leisure of travelers (Copley, 2004). The success of any organization depends on the strategic plans of the company and the management principles applied by the company’s leadership. Flight Centre has remained competitive and stable over the years because of the board’s resolve to safeguard the value of its shareholders all the time (Clegg et al., 1999). Some of the strategies put in place by the board to ensure the shareholder’s value is safeguarded include effective communication and charting of the company’s objectives, constant performance monitoring, establishment of risk identification and control mechanisms and strict monitoring and control of capital expenditure and investment. The board delegates power to managers and employees to ensure all the company’s financial and strategic objectives are met (Kot ler, 2005). All the employees are expected to uphold ethical standards in all their dealings. All the decisions made are based on the company’s constitution and core philosophies. Integrity is highly emphasized with all the managers and employees expected to comply with ethical and legal requirements of their area of duty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Success Of Flight Centre specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Flight Centre has a well established audit committee that ensures that there is integrity in all financial reports of the company (Baherjee, 2007). The audit committee has the responsibility of reviewing the company’s financial reports to ensure all financial policies of the company are not altered in any way. Flight Center has transparent mechanisms that ensure a continuous disclosure of information to its shareholders especially on issues concerning share values (Werther, 2010). The compan y’s management respects the rights of its shareholders with the shareholders being given an opportunity to raise their concerns and opinions during annual general meetings. Flight Centre has well established risk management and control mechanisms with a strict compliance to Australian laws. The Remuneration structure of Flight Centre is fair to all the employees with the board ensuring that it is done responsibly and all the records included in the annual financial report (Mallin, 2009). Flight Centre has a fare wage structure compared to other players in the industry which has contributed immensely to the high level of motivation among its staff. Corporate Social Responsibility is an integral part of a company’s business activities and involves processes that ensure that the organization brings a positive effect to its immediate environment and the society in general (Kotler, 2005). Most companies are always under scrutiny by external stakeholders who always want to k now what the company does to promote the immediate communities and how it treats its staff and other stakeholders. Companies have the responsibility of improving the quality of life of its employees and the local communities. Companies pay taxes from their profits and also allocate a certain percentage of its profits to charity works that improve the general welfare of the society (Kotler, 2005). Social responsibility ensures that the company is well managed to make business remain competitive and sustain the value of wealth creation. Corporate Social Responsibility helps the company address environmental and social concerns voluntarily. Corporate Social responsibility offers the company a good opportunity to interact with its stakeholders and in the process impacting the society positively (Baherjee, 2007). By contributing to societal growth and development, the company is in other words promoting public interest.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A good company should not only focus on making profits but should also be concerned about the environment and the people inside and outside the company. Corporate social responsibility clearly shows the consumers what the company stands for and its actual mission (Kotler, 2005). There is no formal legislation to govern corporate social responsibility but companies have to adhere to principles for responsible investment (Kotler, 2005). Apart from benefiting the society, companies receive a fair share of benefits through its Corporate Responsibility activities. The benefits might include financial benefits through gaining business, staff retention and recruitment, risk management, brand differentiation and goodwill from the government. In conclusion, Flight Centre Limited is one of the leading travel agent organizations because of its effective management strategies. Despite stiff competition from its competitors, the company has remained stable through diversification of its services and its efficient distribution centers established in more than ten countries around the world. Strategic planning combined with effective management approaches and principles have made Flight Centre to continue enjoying high profits over the years despite the many challenges the industry has been facing. Corporate social responsibility forms an integral part of the company’s involvement in the betterment of the environment and the society in general. How the company treats its employees together with their families and its role in improving the environment and the general society are key aspects of an effective Corporate Social Responsibility strategy. Apart improving the welfare of the society, the company gets some business and goodwill benefits in return. References Baherjee, S. B., 2007. Corporate social responsibility: The good, the bad and the ugly. New York, NY: Edward Algar Publishing. Clegg, S. et al., 1999. Global management: Universal theories and local realities . New York, NY: SAGE. Copley, P., 2004. Marketing communication management: Concepts and theories, cases and practices. New York, NY: Butterworth-Heinemann. Dobson, P. et al., 2004. Strategic management: Issues and cases. New York, NY: Wiley-Blackwell. Johnson, M., 2005. Family village tribe: The story of Flight Centre Limited. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Joyce, P., 2001. Strategic management: A fresh approach to developing skills, knowledge and creativity. New York, NY: Kogan Page Publishers. Kotler, P., 2005. Corporate social responsibility: Doing the most good for your company and cause. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Mallin, C. A., 2009. Corporate social responsibility: A case study approach. New York, NY: Edward Algar Publishing. Roth, M., 2010. Top stocks 2011: A share buyer’s guide to leading Australian companies. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Saloner, G. et al., 2006. Strategic management. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Thompson, J. L., 2005. Strat egic management: Awareness and change. New York, NY: Cengage Learning EMEA. Werther, W. B., 2010. Strategic corporate responsibility: Stakeholders in a global environment. New York, NY: SAGE

The Religious Themes Relating To Notions Of Deity

The Religious Themes Relating To Notions Of Deity The theme of this paper is to establish the main religious themes in chapter eleven of the book of Bhagavad-Gita. The first main religious theme in the chapter is the recommended acts of commitment towards deity. When it comes to devotion towards deity, one can express their commitment to Christianity through many means. Through meditation and sacrifice, an individual will be in a position to express devotion to God.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Religious Themes Relating To Notions Of Deity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sacrifice means the amount of material things individuals deny themselves for the sake of others or gods. Sacrifice entails offerings given to gods, which will be acceptable in the eyes of Krishna. The offerings vary from plantation products to animals, and their significance is similar. It signifies an individual’s act of devotion. Sacrifice is a universal act that most people use to show their commitment to their religion even in the current times. It can be the earnings of people, harvests, profits, time, labor, and many other ways. Through sacrifice, human beings create a personal relationship with their gods, and this does not have to be necessarily through Krishna. The article elaborates that Krishna is contented when the worshippers offer sacrifices to their gods, as eventually it will be to him as the greatest god of all. As worshippers, we can, therefore, express commitment to religion and God by offering sacrifices now and then as this will bring us closer to God (Hiltebeitel, 1989, p. 72). Another notable act that expresses commitment to deity is meditation. In the article, meditation on Krishna is an indispensable means of expressing devotion to deity and is encouraged to all worshippers. The process of meditation is majorly a self-evaluation process and according to the author should be done while having Krishna in mind. As much as meditation is an individual act, it is notable that the self-evaluation should be in line with Krishna. The main teaching here is that meditation should give individuals a chance to evaluate themselves whether they are in line with God’s ways (Sharpe, 2008, p. 61). Another notable religious theme in the article is the universal form of God. In chapter eleven, we read about the way in which Krishna reveals Him as a universal being. In the article, Krishna reveals his universal form to Arjuna, and this is a clear indication to any believer that God is a universal being who can be found in every corner and form.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In most instances, we see Krishna pervading the whole universe and in so doing managing to be a universal being (Neil, 1986, p. 62). In religion, we can tell the difference between God and human beings from the aspect of God being a univer sal being. This means that God can be everywhere and in whatever form we can think of, unlike human beings. In connection with the above ideas of commitment, the universal form of God enables human beings to meditate as this helps them to understand the observable things in regards to the most high-God (Flood, 2003, p. 52). The aspect of universal nature of God is not only limited to space but to also time in that God will be an ever present being. Since time immemorial human beings come and go, but God has and will be around forever and hence the strong faith humans have in God. It is easier, for worshippers believe in God and his teachings because of the ideology of Him being around forever. This is evident in the article as Arjuna has a vision of the passing of time, and in it, there is Krishna. This means that, in poor and treasured times, the Lord God will be present whether it is now or in thousand years to come. In the ideology of divinity, the presence of acts of commitments and the universal being of God are relevant in building the faith of any worshipper of the given religion (Lepard, 2005, p. 23). Lastly, the Bhagavad Gita also explores the suspect of faith in Christians. Most people will want to get into a religion because of what the Lord has done for others in the religion. In the article, it is evident that this should not be the case because the wors of God need not be questioned. Having faith in God does require evidence from the other believers and as a Christian, one need to have strong faith even without evidence. This is a major teaching to all religious people as the main foundation of religion is the believer’s faith. To have faith, calls for constant prayer to God to enable one to have faith, through good and bad times, and stay strong in God’s teachings. In the article, we notice Arjuna having less faith in the gods and Krishna. This made him to always be in doubt and asking for proof of the existence of gods. This shoul d not be the case for any believer and the teaching encourages the believers to believe even in what they cannot see. The religious teaching in this article is that as believers we need to have faith in God’s works and people even if there is no visible evidence of His existence.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Religious Themes Relating To Notions Of Deity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Flood, G 2003, The Blackwell companion to Hinduism, New York: John Wiley Sons. Hiltebeitel, A 1989, Criminal gods and demon devotees: essays on the guardians of  popular Hinduism, New York: Suny Press. Lepard, B 2005, Hope for a Global Ethic: Shared Principles in Religious Scriptures, New York: Bahai Publishing Trust. Neil, R 1986, Modern Indian interpreters of the Bhagavadgita, New York: SUNY Press. Sharpe, E 2008, The universal GÄ «tÄ : Western images of the BhagavadgÄ «tÄ : a  bicentenary survey, Virginia: University of Virginia.

Rhetorical Analysis of The Wire Season 4, Episode 1, 2, 3 Essay

Rhetorical Analysis of The Wire Season 4, Episode 1, 2, 3 - Essay Example The aim of creating this atmosphere will be examined further in this essay. The authors to a greater extent manage to convince the audience on the authenticity of their story which they to a greater extent manage to convey in a gripping and very realistic looking film. The way they employ their styles and stick to the same repeated way of telling the story lends an air of reality to the plot. The story is delivered in a documentary like fashion and this really goes a long way in giving it the ‘real’ feel. The audience will as a consequence tend to feel more at home with the film as it seems to speak to their inner self and seams to take place in the audiences familiar settings. In The wire season four episode number two, we find that both the language and the visuals work simultaneously to help bring out the intended messages very effectively. For instance we find the language used by the characters tend to authenticate their specific roles in the scene; in the scene whe re snoop buys a nail gun, the dialogue between snoop and the hardware attendant brings out the stark difference in the worlds that the two move and live in; for snoop the street slang drawn out talk she employs, brings out the street authenticity the author intended and the correct clipped language of the attendant helps in bringing out the contrast and difference between the two characters. In this episode, the authors are trying to convey several messages and they go about this by using filmic techniques that are meant to enhance the audiences’ easier understanding of the messages both inert and overt. The episode starts off with starts off with political power play with Mayor Royce being caught in a compromising situation by Herc a member of his security detail and as such both are considering what action to take to benefit their respective careers. The main message that comes out from this scene is the politics of contemporary Baltimore and the way the filmic techniques a re intertwined with the characters portrayal gives a wonderful end product where the audience feels that they are being let into the practices and lives of the high and mighty in Baltimore politics. In this scene, especially in the conversation scenes, the camera does not switch to the character speaking until that character has already commenced talking. This creates a feeling as though the cameraman didn’t know beforehand who is going to speak and when they will speak. The camera often seams to "sneaks up" on a scene as it is taking place. This creates the impression that we are eavesdropping on what is actually happening. This happens in the scene where the Mayor is caught having oral sex from his secretary and it enhances the viewers feeling that the two were caught unawares. The authors intended message from this was to portray through the techniques applied (especially the â€Å"sneaking up† on the mayor and his secretary) and the dialogue; the unalienable heady combination of power politics and sex with a degree of the powerlessness of some characters like the officer Herc. In the episode, the 4:3 aspect ratio chosen creates a feeling that the scenes are less inherently cinematic, which creates a more "real" scenario. It is very effective as it creates the impression that the scene is not actually a movie set bit rather it feels real. In the real like scenario

Bharti Airtel Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bharti Airtel Case Study - Essay Example   Certain advantages and disadvantages associated with the decisions are stated below: In the wake of the above-stated analysis, it is imperative for Bharti to get into an outsourcing deal as it would help the company to focus only on its core business activities. The present model of outsourcing of the company (revenue sharing) would help in generating greater accountability to its vendors to provide excellence in operations. The captive center model helps organizations to keep control over costs, enhance the learning curve of employees and promotes innovation (Lampbell & Bhalla, 2008, p.6). Expertise and knowledge-driven talent pool form two of the major core competencies of Bharti. The use of this model would help in enhancing the efficiencies of these two very critical core competencies. BOT model also puts up an option of transferring the assets and ownership from the vendor on a later date as specified in the mutual agreement. Benefits of this model include cost control, scalability, enhancement of knowledge curve and skill transfer (Lampbell & Bhalla, 2008, p.6).This model would help Bharti towards the betterment of its core competence of economy of scale. The benefits of Dedicated offshore centers model include low cost of setting up a facility, reduction of political pressures and increased focus on capitalization of external skills (Lampbell & Bhalla, 2008, p.6).The use of this model would help Bharti in reducing its overall cost of operations including fixed costs as well as to enhance the learning curve of the organization. Fee-for-Service based relationships model an organization gets the benefits of incurring zero set up costs for its facilities at very low levels of financial risk (Lampbell & Bhalla, 2008, p.6).

Software Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Software Design - Essay Example is the procedure by which a developer creates a specification of a software objects, anticipated to accomplish objectives, using a set of available components and theme to constraints (Budgen 2003). The Design recognizes the how of the system. It comprises tradeoff analysis based on system requirements. Design quality concerns attributes applicable to ensure sustainability of the system. The attributes analyzed in this paper are concerned with the sustainability of the design. Quality features are similarly applicable to function-based and object-based designs (Rosenblatt 2014). The attributes includes cohesion, adaptability, coupling, understandability and traceability. Cohesion is an assessment of how adequately a component interface within the system. A component should execute a single consistent entity or utility. This attribute is a desirable design constituent attribute as when an alteration has to be completed. It is restricted in a distinct cohesive component. There are a number of levels of cohesion that have been identified; though, not necessary for this paper. This design attributes is not well illustrated (Page-Jones 1999). Experts have encountered a challenge in classifying this attribute as a design component. Inheriting attributes within the design component from super classes makes cohesion as a design attribute weak. In system design, component can be understood when the super-classes also the component are examined. Coupling is a measure of stability or strength of inter-connection among systems components. When it is loosely done then, the component alterations are unlikely to affect other components. Control information or shared variables exchange lead to tight coupling. Loose coupling is achievable when state decentralization (as in objects) is executed and component interfacing through parameters or message passing (Tsui et al. 2014). Coupling allows for inheritance of classes thus facilitate ease of usage as a design attribute in

Three Fundamental Concepts of Economics Essay Example for Free

Three Fundamental Concepts of Economics Essay 1. Human wants. —Two characteristics of human wants possess great importance in their bearing upon the production and consumption of wealth. First, there seems to be no limit to the number of wants of which a human being is capable. This is one reason why most people find saving so difcult; any growth of income is speedily outdistanced by the growth of wants. This characteristic also ex-plains why a general overproduction of wealth is impossible; there may be too much of one thing but not too much of all things. It also accounts for the al-most infinite variety of goods found in the markets of any modern city. Second, the continued gratification of any single want finally leads to satiety and may become even tedious and irksome. It is a well-known fact of everyday life that any pleasure loses its zest if indulged in too long. 2. Law of diminishing utility. —The fact that we get less and less satisfaction out of the continued gratification of any single want is so important that it is laid down as a fundamental proposition and is known as the law of diminishing utility. It may be stated as follows: The intensity of any utility, or of a mans desire for any good, tends to decline as he consumes successive units of it. This law doubtless has both a physiological and a psychological basis. Sports weary certain muscles and finally cease to give pleasure. The hungry man gets great satisfaction out of the first few minutes of his dinner, but his enjoyment of the meal soon begins to decline. A man who is already the owner of a silk hat, is not profusely grateful if a friend sends him a second silk hat as a Christmas gift, and if he gets a third on his next birthday he will probably look at it gloomily and wonder if he has some friend or relative whose head it will fit, for to him it is only a nuisance. This principle of diminishing utility applies with varying force in the case of different articles and different men. In the case of the silk hat, the utility declines very rapidly as the supply is increased. In the case of shirts the decline will be much less rapid. To the man who has only one shirt it will possess very great utility; he will prize it much more than he would any one shirt if he had twelve in his bureau drawer. It may be said that up to a certain point there is possible an increase in the supply of any commodity in our possession without any appreciable decline in its utility. We want a certain number of suits of clothes and a house with a certain number of rooms. Additional clothing and additional space in our house would be only a burden, something to be cared for but not wanted. Bread, potatoes and beans are nourishing. Potatoes and beans in ordinary times are cheap. If the human race would be satisfied with such food, the population of the earth might be doubled and yet all be well fed; but we demand variety in food and would protest vigorously if the same rations were placed before us day after day. . The law of demand and supply. —Every business man knows that the value or price of any article depends upon the demand for and supply of it. The law of demand and supply may be briefly stated as follows: The price or value of any article tends to vary directly with the demand and inversely with the supply; increasing or declining as the demand increases or declines, but tending to rise as the sup-ply declines and to fall as the supply increases. T he reader must not think of this law as a complete explanation of value. It is not in any sense a theory of value. It merely states in general terms a truth well known to all men familiar with the operations of trade and industry. If we analyze this law we run up against some difficult questions. What is meant by demand? Why does the value rise when the demand increases? Why does the value tend to fall when the supply increases? We find also that there is a curious interaction between value on the one hand and demand and supply on the other. If the price of an article is lowered, we discover that the demand for it tends to increase and that at the same time the supply tends to decrease. We will not undertake to discuss all these problems in this chapter, but will be satisfied with an examination of the terms demand and supply. 4. Analysis of demand. —The desire for a commodity is not in itself an economic demand for it. No matter how much a man may want an automobile, his desire can have no effect upon the prices or value of automobiles unless be has the necessary means of payment. Desire must be accompanied by the necessary purchasing power before it can become economic or effective demand, or have any influence in the market. The second point to notice in connection with demand is that it varies with the price. For example, if the price of automobiles and. the cost of operation could be cut one-half, there would undoubtedly be a great increase in the demand for automobiles and many more cars would, be made and sold. On the other hand, if any conditions cause the prices of automobiles and gasolene to be advanced, the tendency will be toward a weaker demand and smaller sales. Hence when we speak of the demand for any article, manifestly we must always have in mind a certain price, for the demand varies with the price. There is only one way of measuring the demand for an article at any given price, and that is by the quantity of it which is sold at that price. That shows how many people are willing to buy at such a price. Hence it is possible for us to define demand as being the amount of goods which people are willing to take at a given price. 5. Analysis of supply. The word supply as commonly used includes the entire stock of goods within reach of the market, but economists use it in a stricter sense, meaning by it only that portion of the entire stock which is actually offered for sale at a given price. The entire stock of wheat, for example, in a country might be 500,000 bushels and the price $2. If only 100,000 bushels were offered for sale, that would be the economic or effective supply at that price, and if 100,000 bushels were sold at that price, t hat would constitute also the economic demand. Thus in our analysis of demand and supply, we find that at any particular time and price they are measured by the same quantity of goods. This conclusion is not remarkable, for a mans purchasing power depends upon the goods he possesses, plus his credit or borrowing power which in turn depends on his power to produce in the future. How he shall use it is determined by his wants. A farmer going to market with 10 bushels of potatoes, intending to sell them and purchase groceries with the proceeds, is increasing the supply of potatoes in the market and the demand for certain groceries. To the buyers of potatoes his load constitutes an addition to the sup-ply, but to the grocer it represents a demand for certain groceries. Money is merely the medium by which the exchanges are effected; the economic demand for goods is the goods that are in the buyers possession. In modern business the buyer always goes to market equipped with money or credit, and this he has obtained either by the production of goods or by the performance of valuable services. 6. Potential demand and supply. —That part of the stock of an article which is not offered for sale at a given price is sometimes called the potential sup-ply. When would-be buyers of an article are not quite satisfied with the present price and hold back for a lower price, this is referred to as the potential demand. Dealers in any article when determining what price they may hope for naturally take into account,, so far as possible, the intensity of the potential demand and the amount of the potential supply. The great enlargement of cold storage and ware-housing facilities in recent years has made the potential supply of many commodities exceedingly important. The thrifty farmer is no longer compelled to market all his eggs. in the spring and summer, nor all his potatoes and grain crops in the fall. In normal times this withholding of foodstuffs from the market, so that they are not part of the effective supply, tends, first toward the steadying of prices and, second toward the lowering of prices, for the farmer, his profits being larger and more secure, is stimulated to an increase of production. In this book we shall use,the words demand and supply in the sense given them rdinarily by business men, meaning by supply the goods in the market seeking a purchaser, and by demand the quantity of goods which people will buy at or near any given price. 7. The value equation. —Any business man knows that the price or value of an article tends to rise when-ever the demand for it at the existing price is in excess of the supply offered for sale at that price; and conversely that the price of an article is likely to decline whenever the suppl y offered at the existing price is greater than the demand. It is conditions of this sort which account for the zigzagging of prices in the speculative markets. In the worlds great exchanges, where the prices of certain basic commodities are fixed, the traders give consideration to all possible circumstances that may affect the present or future demand or supply of the article in which they are trading. A drought in Argentina may fore-shadow a lessened supply of wheat and cause traders to bid a higher price for it, or storms in Kansas and Nebraska may threaten the corn crop and bring on a rise in the price both of corn and of pork. At any given time there are in any market a number of men more or less anxious to buy a certain commodity and others who wish to sell. If the sellers are asking too high a price, certain buyers hold off and all the stock cannot be sold. On the other hand, if they should offer their goods at too low a price, the demand would exceed the supply, certain buyers would get all they wanted and others would be disappointed.